德国素食者及健康非素食者生活方式及死亡率:21年随访结果
背景:长时间对众多国家素食者的观察,有助于研究素食者的饮食习惯和生活方式与死亡率的相对效应
方法:对德国素食者和有意识的健康者进行21年随访的群体研究,包括1,225名素食者和679名非素食健康者.比较了研究人群与一般人群的标准化死亡比.人群中应用退性性模型研究一些危险因子对关节的影响.
结果:标准化死亡比明显低于100:59(95%CI,54-64),主要死亡原因为心血管疾病.人群中,素食者和非素食者在死亡率上没有差别(RR,1.10;955CI,.89-1.36),然而在年龄,性别,吸烟饮酒习惯,体重指数基本相同的人群中,中等及高强度体育运动能明显降低死亡率(RR,0.62,0.64),素食者缺血行心脏病死亡比率降低了0.70(95%CI,0.41-1.18)
结论:与一般人群对比,素食者和非素食健康者的死亡率均有降低.较少吸烟中等或高强度运动的非严格素食者的死亡率降低.患缺血性心脏病的素食者的死亡率与健康非素食者死亡率相比无统计学差异
Reference:
Lifestyle determinants and mortality in German vegetarians and health-conscious persons: results of a 21-year follow-up.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005 Apr;14(4):963-8.
BACKGROUND: The long-term observation of vegetarians in affluent countries can provide insight into the relative effects of a vegetarian diet and lifestyle factors on mortality. METHODS: A cohort study of vegetarians and health-conscious persons in Germany was followed-up prospectively for 21 years, including 1,225 vegetarians and 679 health-conscious nonvegetarians. Standardized mortality ratios compared with the German general population were calculated for all causes and specific causes. Within the cohort, Poisson regression modeling was used to investigate the joint effects of several risk factors on overall and cause-specific mortality. RESULTS: Standardized mortality ratios for all-cause mortality was significantly below 100: 59 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 54-64], predominantly due to a deficit of deaths from circulatory diseases. Within the cohort, vegetarian compared with nonvegetarian diet had no effect on overall mortality [rate ratio (RR), 1.10; 95% CI, 0.89-1.36], whereas moderate and high physical activity significantly reduced risk of death (RR, 0.62, 0.64), adjusted for age, sex, smoking, alcohol intake, body mass index, and educational level. Vegetarian diet was however associated with a reduced RR of 0.70 (95% CI, 0.41-1.18) for ischemic heart disease, which could partly be related to avoidance of meat. CONCLUSIONS: Both vegetarians and nonvegetarian health-conscious persons in this study have reduced mortality compared with the general population. Within the study, low prevalence of smoking and moderate or high level of physical activity but not strictly vegetarian diet was associated with reduced overall mortality. The nonsignificant reduction in mortality from ischemic heart diseases in vegetarians compared with health-conscious persons could be explained in part by avoidance of meat intake.
